ืจืืฉื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืกืจื” ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืœืฉืงืจ
ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืกืจื” ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืœืฉืงืจ

ืžืืช ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืฉื™
ืžืืช ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืฉื™

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืงืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›' 20, ื›"ื’ 7; ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื˜ 11) ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš, ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš ื›ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืงืจ, ื”ืคื—ืช ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ืจืžื™ื™ื” (ืจืื• ืœืžืฉืœ: ืฉืž"ื ื˜"ื• 29; ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืž"ื— 10; ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืง"ื 7; ืžืฉืœื™ ื•' 17, ื™"ื‘ 22).

ื‘ืจื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืงืจื ืขื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืงืจ, ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื‘ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ "ืœืฉืงืจ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื•, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•."[ื] ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ืœืงื— ื–ืืช ืžื—ื–"ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ืžืฆื— ื ื—ื•ืฉื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืžื™ื™ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.

ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื–"ืœ ื˜ืขื ื• ืœื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื• ื–ืืช ืžืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื“ื•ื ืขืœ-ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื”ืŸ:

ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื, ืฉึถืืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ื–ึถื” ืขึดื ื–ึถื”, ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึทืื‘ ืœื•ึน ืึตืฆึถืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœื•ึน: ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™, ืจึฐืึตื”; ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื˜ึธืจึตืฃ ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึฐืชึทืœึตึผืฉื ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืขึธืจื•ึน ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ: "ืื•ึนื™ ืœึดื™, ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืึถืฉึธึผื‚ื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืจึฐืึถื” ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒื‘ึตืจึดื™? ื‘ึนึผืฉึฐืชึดึผื™ ื”ึตื™ืžึถื ึผื•ึผ, ืฉึถืืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉึถืืกึธึผืจึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•" โ€“ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืฉึตืื‘ ืึถืฆึฐืœื•ึน, ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืืžึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื›ึธึผืœ ืงึดื ึฐืึธื” ืฉึถืื‘ึฐึผืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน. ืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืึตืฆึถืœ ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœื•ึน ื›ึฐึผืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื–ึถื”. ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉึถืืคึธึผื’ึฐืขื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึธึผื–ึถื” ื’ึดึผืคึฐึผืคื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดืฉึฐึผืืงื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืœึธื–ึถื” (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ, ืคืจืง ื™"ื‘).

ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืฉื›ื ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืงืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ืฆื™ื. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื ื ื” ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื›ื ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื. ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœื“ื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืฉืงืจ ืื ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชืš, ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืฉืงืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื“ืง, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื "ืš, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ.

ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืืคื•ื ืœืคืฉืจื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืช; ืืš ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืคื—ืช ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ:

  1. ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื’') ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ื”, ืžืืฉืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืžืก ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ืฉืงืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกื•ื™ื.[1]
  2. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืก"ื‘ ืข"ื‘) ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืœืฉืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ืกื™ื (ืจืื• ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ืœืฅ).
  3. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืงืจ ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช: "ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื"[2] (ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืก"ื” ืข"ื‘).
  4. ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ืืžืจ: "ื›ืœ ืคื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื˜ื‘ื™ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื˜ื‘ื™ืŸ".[3] ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืจืข, ืืš ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื›ืœ ืฉืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืข, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืงืจ ืœืฉื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”.
  5. ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™[4] ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ืงืจ ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ (!), ืจืง ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื›ื™.
  6. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื) ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืžืกืžืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ื”ืœื›ื” (ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื”', ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉ"ืข).
  7. ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืคืกืงื• ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืงืจ ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื“ืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.[5]
  8. ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืžืจ: "ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืฉืงืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ืืกืจ ืœืฉืงืจ… ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื• ื’ื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•?! ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉืงืจ".[6]
  9. ื—ื–"ืœ ื ืชื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ืœืฉืงืจ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื: ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืค"ื“ ืข"ื, ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืคืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื” ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉื” ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืงืจ ืœื” ืœืœื ื ืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ.[7]
  10. ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ-ื•ื™ืจื’ื (ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 15) ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”", ื›ื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ "ื”ืชืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ".[8]
  11. "ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืกื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”ื ืœืฉืงืจ".[9]
  12. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ "ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืื™ื ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืืช ืืœื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช".[10]
  13. ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื•ืจื”ืคื˜ื™ื’ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืก ืžืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ "ื”ืคืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื ืืช ื’ื•ื™ โ€“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงืขืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืชื•".[11]
  14. ืคืจื•ืค' ืžื ื—ื ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืขืœืžืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ "ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช… "ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—. ืื™ื ืกื˜ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืงื‘ืœื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืช"ื ืจืฉื•ื ื›ืื‘ืจืš ืฉืœื ืžืคืจื ืก ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืง ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืขืœืžื”".[12]
  15. ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืจืžื™ื™ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš; ืฉื ืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืขืชืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ "ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ืœืœื™ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืฉืงืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜".[13]

ืื’ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืจื“ื™ื ืจื’ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืคื•ืชืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ืžื ื“ื” – ื–ื• ืžื ืช ื”ืžืœืš; ื‘ืœื• – ื–ื• ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื•ืœื’ืœืชื; ื•ื”ืœืš – ื–ื• ืืจื ื•ื ื… "ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืจื•ืชื" (ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื—' ืข"ื).[14]

ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช (ืชืจืžื™ืช, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื•ื•ื, ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื—ืฆืื™ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'). ืืš ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืงืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืืœ ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืื• ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืจืžื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’.[15]

[ื] https://fb.watch/aTtcJibYap
[1] ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืื•, ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, 2006: 247.

[2] ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ "ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื" (ืจืื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื™"ื‘ ืข"ื, ืง"ื‘ ืข"ื; ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื™'); ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง: "ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื‘ื”" (ืคืจื•ืค' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ื™ืœืช, ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, 1992: 213).

[3] ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืคืจืง ื˜' ื”ืœื›ื” ื”'.

[4] ื™ื•ืžื ื›"ื’ ืข"ื-ื‘.

[5] ืจ' ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืกืœืจ, ืฉื•"ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืœื™ื”ื•, ื›ืจืš ื', ืขืž' ืฆ"ื“; ืจ' ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืžืžื™ืจ, ืฉื•"ืช ื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ, ื›ืจืš ื', ืขืž' ืงื™"ื’.

[6] ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื™ ื“ืขืช ืืžืช, 1990: 2.

[7] ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืžืชื•ืจื’ื: "ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ืœื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ืžืžื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืชื” ื’ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื™. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื” ืฉืชื’ืœื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื” ืฉ"ืœืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื”" ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“. ื•ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืœื• ืืช ืกื•ื“ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ – ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”? ืืœื, ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื” ืœืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืš ืœืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช" (ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื™ื•ืžื ืค"ื“ ืข"ื).

[8] ื‘ืชื•ืš: ืคืจื•ืค' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“, ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•: ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, 2009: 453. ื“"ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 19) "ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ืžื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ืžื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืืฉื”" (ื‘ืกืคืจื•: "ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™: ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื”" 2003: 226).

[9] ืคืจื•ืค' ืžืฉื” ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืจ (ืขื•ืจืš), ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ – ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื™ (70 – 640), ื›ืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, 1985: 228.

[10] ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”: ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืงืื ื˜, 1979: 174. ื“"ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ื™ื–ืง ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื ื—ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜, ื—ืœื”, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื". ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืงื ื” ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืจืง "ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื" ืื• "ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื‘ื”" (ื‘ืกืคืจื•: "ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™: ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื”", 2003: 229).

[11] ืื™ืชืžืจ ื•ืจื”ืคื˜ื™ื’, ื‘ืชื•ืš: ื™ื•ืื‘ ืฉื•ืจืง (ืขื•ืจืš), ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ – ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, 2008: 50.

[12] ื‘ืชื•ืš: ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื—ืจ, ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืข"ืž: ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื”ืฉืชืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ืจืžื™ืกืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, 2000: 287.

[13] ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื•ืจื“ื” ืฉื™ืคืจ, ืฉื›ื™ื”ื ื” ื›ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื˜ืขื ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ืงืจื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืžืง (ื‘ืชื•ืš: ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื—ืจ, ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืข"ืž: ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื”ืฉืชืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ืจืžื™ืกืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, 2000: 244).

[14] ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ืœืฅ ืžื‘ืืจ: ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืก (ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•, ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื–' ืข"ื‘ – ื—' ืข"ื).

[15] ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืจืื• ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืืจื–ื™, "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื, ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื", ื”ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017, ืขืž' 88-89.

ื ื”ื ืชื ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ืจ\ืžืืžืจ? ืื– ืœื—ืฆื• ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ!

ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื:

ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” [ื”ืืžื™ืชื™] ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข

ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืขืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื

ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”: "ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื‘ืœ"

ืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™? ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘"ืข ืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™

ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืชื›ื—ื• ืฉื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘"ืข – ืœึนื ืชึนืกึดืคื•ึผ ืขึทืœ-ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“' 2)

ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื

ืื™ื–ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”? ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืกื—ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”

ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘"ืข – ื“ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืืœ

ื”ืคืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ (ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื—)

ืกื’ื™ืจื”